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Bundesregierung steht hinter der "GEMA-Vermutung"

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06.11.2012 um 13:01 Uhr

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Die Bundesregierung stellt sich hinter die sogenannte "GEMA-Vermutung", derzufolge Veranstalter oder DJs im Einzelfall belegen müssen, dass keine Musik aus dem von der GEMA verwalteten Repertoire zur Aufführung gekommen ist. Die "GEMA-Vermutung" mit der damit verknüpften Abgabenpflicht habe sich aus der Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs ergeben, erklärte der Staatssekretär im Bundesjustizministerium Max Stadler (FDP) am Montag im Petitionsausschuss des Bundestags.

Stadler hält die GEMA-Vermutung für gerechtfertigt, da es sonst kaum möglich sei, die Rechte der Künstler geltend zu machen. Die Veranstalter hätten es mit dem Gegenbeweis einfacher, auch wenn es einen gewissen Aufwand bedeute. Er sehe derzeit keine Möglichkeiten, das System insgesamt zu ändern. Einzelne Mechanismen müssten aber verbessert und die Gespräche zwischen allen Seiten intensiviert werden.

In den vergangenen Jahren wurden über 1000 Petitionen zu der Musikverwertungsgesellschaft an den Bundestag gereicht. Konkreter Anlass des Expertengesprächs war unter anderem ein Anliegen von David Henninger, in dem er sich für ein Ende der GEMA-Vermutung einsetzt. Henninger begründete seine von 62.842 Personen unterstützte Petition mit dem enormen zeitlichen und finanziellen Aufwand für die Betroffenen, alle genutzten Stücke und die damit verknüpften Rechte aufzuführen.

In der Anhörung erläuterte ein Vertreter Henningers, es müssten "alle am Werk beteiligten Urheber, also auch Komponisten und Verleger, angegeben" werden, um eine Vermutung zu widerlegen. Dazu komme "das Problem der Namensdopplungen", sodass auch der aktuelle Wohnort und das Geburtsdatum der Rechteinhaber genannt werden müssten. "Das bindet einen mehrere Tage." So würden derzeit letztlich "die gesamten Kosten auf die Veranstalter abgewälzt".

In der intensiven Diskussion in den Internet-Foren des Petitionsausschusses sprach sich eine Mehrheit der Beteiligten dafür aus, die GEMA begünstigende Praxis aufzuheben. Diese sei in Zeiten des Internets nicht mehr zeitgemäß und entspreche nicht der Vielfalt der heutigen Musikindustrie. So gebe es durch freie Lizenzen eine nie dagewesene Menge an frei verfügbarer Musik. Dies betreffe insbesondere den elektronischen Bereich, in dem viele Urheber entweder bewusst ihre Werke frei verfügbar machen oder nicht zu ermitteln seien.

Auf weniger Anklang war mit rund 400 Mitzeichnern eine Petition des Punk-Musikers Thomas Theophil gestoßen, eine staatliche Verwertungsgesellschaft nach dem Vorbild der GEMA zu schaffen. Der Antragsteller verwies im Parlament auf jüngst angekündigte und umkämpfte Erhöhungen der Tarife der Verwertungsgesellschaft "in unverhältnismäßigem Umfang". Größere Clubs und Diskotheken, die etwa 24-stündige Tanzrunden anböten, müssten demnach deutich mehr zahlen. Es müsse eine Alternative geben, "damit Kultur finanzierbar bleibt".

Stadler stellte heraus, dass es kein gesetzliches Monopol der GEMA gebe, aber derzeit ein faktisches. Der Staat könne Künstlern aber nicht vorschreiben, Mitglied einer Verwertungsgesellschaft zu werden. Er sorge daher dafür, "dass es faire Verfahren gibt" und nehme seine Aufsichtspflicht wahr. Es habe Ende Oktober ein erstes Schiedsgespräch stattgefunden, in dem die GEMA "deutliche Änderungen" angekündigt habe. So sollten die geforderten Zuschläge erst nach acht statt nach fünf Stunden Veranstaltungsdauer greifen und von 50 auf 25 Prozent herabgesetzt werden. Insgesamt sei die Einführung der Tarifreform von Anfang Januar auf 1. April 2013 verschoben worden. (Stefan Krempl)

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